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The pressure gradient between the ventricles and the subarachnoid space (transmantle pressure) is crucial for understanding CSF circulation and the pathogenesis of certain neurodegenerative diseases. This pres...
Hydrocephalus is a neurological disorder that impacts approximately 85 per 100,000 individuals worldwide and is associated with motor and cognitive impairments. While many advances in surgical interventions ha...
Disproportionately enlarged subarachnoid space hydrocephalus (DESH) is one of the neuroradiological characteristics of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH), which makes statistical analyses of brain...
The Correction to this article has been published in Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2025 22:40
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) motion and pulsatility has been proposed to play a crucial role in clearing brain waste. Although its driving forces remain debated, increasing evidence suggests that large amplitude ...
Protein expression analysis of isolated brain microvessels provides valuable insights into the function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, isolation of brain microvessels from human brain tissue, parti...
The physiology of transient intracranial pressure (ICP) elevations (B waves), remains incompletely understood and appears to involve multiple mechanisms, including obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Transient ICP ...
The original article was published in Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2024 21:75
Growing evidence suggests that for rodents, a substantial fraction of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drains by crossing the cribriform plate into the nasopharyngeal lymphatics, eventually reaching the cervical lymp...
Hydrocephalus, an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the ventricles of the brain, is often treated via a shunt system to divert the excess CSF to a different compartment; if left untreated, it can le...
The importance of optimizing intrathecal drug delivery is highlighted by its potential to improve patient health outcomes. Findings from previous computational studies, based on an individual or a small group,...
An increase in choroid plexus (CP) volume may be associated with cognitive decline in older individuals without dementia. In this study, we aimed to clarify whether CP volume can serve as an imaging marker of ...
Cerebral blood flow normally places a limit on the magnitude of brain vascular permeability (P) that can be measured in vivo. At normal cerebral blood flow, this limit falls at the lower end of lipophilicity f...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 21 Supplement 1
The choroid plexus (ChP), a highly vascularized structure within the ventricles, is essential for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production and metabolic waste clearance, crucial for neurofluid homeostasis and cogn...
Choroid plexus (CP) or blood-cerebrospinal fluid-barrier (BCSFB) is a unique functional tissue which lines the brain’s fluid-filled ventricles, with a crucial role in CSF production and clearance. BCSFB dysfun...
The original article was published in Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2020 17:8
Oxycodone, a widely used opioid analgesic, has an unbound brain-to-plasma concentration ratio (Kp,uu) greater than unity, indicating active uptake across brain barriers associated with the putative proton-coupled...
The choroid plexus (CP) plays a crucial role in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production and brain homeostasis. However, non-invasive imaging techniques to assess its function remain limited. This study was conduc...
The Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) is a complex and dynamic interface that regulates the exchange of molecules and cells between the blood and the central nervous system. It undergoes structural and functional thro...
Pericytes play a crucial role in controlling inflammation and vascular functions in the central nervous system, which are disrupted in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Still, there is a lack of studies on the impact ...
Preclinical studies indicate that the systemic application of C1-inhibitor, clinically used to treat hereditary angioedema, reduces secondary brain injury after ischemic stroke. This study assessed the effect ...
Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease that results in the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and subsequent loss of vision. While RGCs are the primary cell type affected in glaucoma, neighboring c...
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive tumor, difficult to treat pharmacologically because of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which is rich in ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and tight junction ...
Following the Monro-Kellie doctrine, the Cerebral Blood Volume Changes (CB_VC) should be mirrored by the Cerebrospinal Fluid Volume Changes (CSF_VC) at the spinal canal. Cervical level is often chosen to estim...
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is an efflux transporter which is abundantly expressed at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and which has been implicated in the pathophysiology of various brain diseases. The radiolabelled a...
The primary objective of this study was to advance our understanding of active drug uptake at brain barriers in higher species than rodents, by examining oxycodone brain concentrations in pigs.
Spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) often results in altered cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow and secondary hydrocephalus, yet the mechanisms behind these phenomena remain poorly understood. This study aim...
Brain microvascular dysfunction is an important feature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). To better understand the brain microvascular molecular signatures of AD, we processed and analyzed isolated human brain micr...
Using neuroimaging techniques, growing evidence has suggested that the choroid plexus (CP) volume is enlarged in multiple neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Notably, the...
Infusion testing is an established method for assessing CSF resistance in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). To what extent the increased resistance is related to the glymphatic sys...
Neurovascular deficits and blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction are major hallmarks of brain trauma and neurodegenerative diseases. Oxidative stress is a prominent contributor to neurovascular unit (NVU) dysf...
Receptor mediated transport of therapeutic antibodies through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) give promise for drug delivery to alleviate brain diseases. We developed a low-cost method to obtain nanoscale locali...
Three common isoforms of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene - APOE2, APOE3, and APOE4 - hold varying significance in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) risk. The APOE4 allele is the strongest known genetic risk factor for la...
Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) frequently present with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), characterized by the accumulation of beta-amyloid (Aβ) within the cerebral blood vessels, leading to cerebrovas...
The choroid plexus (CP) is an understudied tissue in the central nervous system and is primarily implicated in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production. CP also produces numerous neurotrophic factors (NTF) which c...
Alterations of blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-spinal cord barrier have been documented in various animal models of neurodegenerative diseases and in patients. Correlations of these alterations with functi...
The original article was published in Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2023 20:69
The Letter to the Editor Response to this article has been published in Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2024 21:105
The most crucial area to focus on when thinking of novel pathways for drug delivery into the CNS is the blood brain barrier (BBB). A number of nanoparticulate formulations have been shown in earlier research t...
Blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction has been viewed as a potential underlying mechanism of neurodegenerative disorders, possibly involved in the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Howe...
Pathways for intravenously administered gadolinium-based-contrast-agents (GBCAs) entering cerebrospinal-fluid (CSF) circulation in the human brain are not well-understood. The blood-CSF-barrier (BCSFB) in choroid...
Cardiac pulsation propels blood through the cerebrovascular network to maintain cerebral homeostasis. The cerebrovascular network is uniquely surrounded by paravascular cerebrospinal fluid (pCSF), which plays ...
Histological studies have for decades documented that each of the classical meningeal membranes contains multiple fibroblast layers with distinct cellular morphology. Particularly, the sublayers of the arachno...
The original article was published in Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2024 21:69
For centuries, the meninges have been described as three membranes: the inner pia, middle arachnoid and outer dura. It was therefore sensational when in early 2023 Science magazine published a report of a previou...
The original article was published in Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2023 20:93
The Letter to the Editor Response to this article has been published in Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2024 21:70
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics are increasingly studied in aging and neurological disorders. Models of CSF-mediated waste clearance suggest that altered CSF dynamics could play a role in the accumulation o...
Folates are a family of B9 vitamins essential for normal growth and development in the central nervous system (CNS). Transport of folates is mediated by three major transport proteins: folate receptor alpha (FRα)...
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is the leading cause of neonatal meningitis responsible for a substantial cause of death and disability worldwide. The vast majority of GBS neonatal meningitis cases are due to the CC1...
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressing neurodegenerative disorder with minimally effective treatment options. An important hurdle in ALS drug development is the non-invasive therapeutic a...
Given the persistent challenge of differentiating idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (iNPH) from similar clinical entities, we conducted an in-depth proteomic study of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in 28 shu...
Cognitive decline covers a broad spectrum of disorders, not only resulting from brain diseases but also from systemic diseases, which seriously influence the quality of life and life expectancy of patients. As...
Pharmacotherapy for brain diseases is severely compromised by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). ABCB1 and ABCG2 are drug transporters that restrict drug entry into the brain and their inhibition can be used as a ...
Achieving effective drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) remains a challenge for treating neurological disorders. Intrathecal (IT) delivery, which involves direct injection into the cerebrospinal ...
Fluids and Barriers of the CNS