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Table 1 Characteristics of study participants by sex-specific quartiles of choroid plexus volume

From: Enlarged choroid plexus is linked with poorer physical function in rural older adults: a population-based study

 

Total

Choroid plexus volume (ml), sex-specific quartiles†

Characteristics

sample

n = 1217

Q1,

n = 305

Q2,

n = 304

Q3,

n = 303

Q4,

n = 305

P value

Age (years)

69.46 (4.29)

68.36 (4.52)

68.86 (4.04)

69.64 (3.97)

71.00 (4.13)

< 0.001

Education (years)

3.56 (3.57)

3.54 (3.62)

3.51 (3.53)

3.51 (3.61)

3.68 (3.53)

0.922

Education, n (%)

     

0.265

 Illiterate

422 (34.68)

115 (37.70)

106 (34.87)

105 (34.65)

96 (31.48)

 

 Primary school

550 (45.19)

127 (41.64)

131 (43.09)

135 (44.55)

157 (51.48)

 

 Middle school or above

245 (20.13)

63 (20.66)

67 (22.04)

63 (20.79)

52 (17.05)

 

Occupation, n (%)

     

0.922

 Farmer

984 (80.90)

245 (80.30)

243 (79.90)

243 (80.20)

253 (83.00)

 

 Non-farmer

230 (18.90)

59 (19.34)

60 (19.74)

59 (19.47)

52 (17.05)

 

Physical exercise, n (%)

     

0.792

 Weekly

240 (19.72)

55 (18.03)

60 (19.74)

60 (19.80)

65 (21.30)

 

 Less than weekly

977 (80.28)

250 (81.97)

244 (80.26)

243 (80.20)

240 (78.69)

 

BMI (kg/m2)

25.00 (3.49)

24.57 (3.51)

25.01 (3.61)

25.06 (3.56)

25.36 (3.25)

0.048

Ever smoking, n (%)

440 (36.15)

111 (36.39)

104 (34.21)

116 (38.28)

109 (35.74)

0.771

Ever alcohol intake, n (%)

408 (33.53)

102 (33.44)

103 (33.88)

104 (34.32)

99 (32.46)

0.977

Hypertension, n (%)

813 (66.80)

193 (63.28)

195 (64.14)

208 (68.65)

217 (71.15)

0.163

Diabetes, n (%)

186 (15.28)

37 (12.13)

46 (15.13)

53 (17.49)

50 (16.39)

0.286

Hyperlipidemia, n (%)

296 (24.32)

66 (21.64)

69 (22.70)

80 (26.40)

81 (26.56)

0.366

Stroke

150 (14.03)

31 (10.16)

32 (10.53)

35 (11.55)

52 (17.05)

< 0.001

APOE ε4 allele, n (%)

182 (14.95)

40 (13.11)

38 (12.50)

51 (16.83)

53 (17.38)

0.405

DESH

23 (1.89)

3 (0.98)

5 (1.64)

4 (1.32)

11 (3.61)

0.078

WMH volume

      

 Total WMH volume

8.74 (11.02)

6.10 (8.92)

8.03 (10.93)

9.35 (10.50)

11.46 (12.75)

< 0.001

 PWMH volume

7.42 (10.38)

5.00 (8.37)

6.67 (10.28)

7.97 (9.78)

10.00 (12.10)

< 0.001

 DWMH volume

1.33 (1.41)

1.10 (1.25)

1.36 (1.41)

1.38 (1.47)

1.46 (1.48)

0.012

Ventricular volume

      

Lateral ventricular volume

25.00 (11.60)

19.00 (8.43)

21.80 (9.06)

25.60 (9.90)

33.40 (13.04)

< 0.001

Inferior lateral ventricles volume

2.81 (0.93) 

2.45 (0.68)

2.60 (0.74)

2.80 (0.78)

3.41 (1.13)

< 0.001

SPPB score

      

 Balance score

3.63 (0.82)

3.76 (0.60)

3.62 (0.88)

3.68 (0.80)

3.48 (0.93)

< 0.001

 Chair stand score

2.88 (1.19)

3.03 (1.12)

2.93 (1.16)

2.87 (1.19)

2.70 (1.25)

0.007

 Walk test score

3.57 (0.72)

3.64 (0.65)

3.63 (0.67)

3.56 (0.80)

3.47 (0.76)

0.007

 Summary score

10.11 (2.13)

10.51 (1.74)

10.17 (2.12)

10.12 (2.30)

9.67 (2.26)

< 0.001

  1. Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; APOE, apolipoprotein E gene; DESH, disproportionately enlarged subarachnoid-space hydrocephalus; WMH, white matter hyperintensity; PWMH, periventricular white matter hyperintensity; DWMH, deep white matter hyperintensity; SPPB, Short Physical Performance Battery
  2. Note: Data were mean (standard deviation), unless otherwise specified. The number of participants with missing values was 3 for occupation, 6 for body mass index, 13 for alcohol drinking, 13 for hypertension, 41 for APOE genotype, 148 for stroke, 48 for balance score, 1 for chair stand score, 5 for walk test score and 47 for SPPB summary score. In the subsequent analyses, categorical variable with missing values was replaced with a dummy variable and continuous variable with missing values was replaced with a mean value
  3. †The cut-offs of quartiles for total choroid plexus volume in females were < 2.68 ml (Q1), 2.68–3.30 ml (Q2), 3.30–3.87 ml (Q3), and > 3.87 ml (Q4); the corresponding cut-offs in males were < 3.72 ml (Q1), 3.72–4.49 ml (Q2), 4.49–5.10 ml (Q3), and > 5.10 ml (Q4)
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Fluids and Barriers of the CNS

ISSN: 2045-8118