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The neurochemical alterations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) associated with the typical symptomatology in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) and their association with outcome after shunt surgery a...
The lumbar infusion test (LIT) is a routine part of the diagnostic process of various CSF dynamics disorders in adults. However, it is rarely used in the paediatric population due to a lack of evidence substan...
Complex febrile seizures (CFS) have been associated with an increased risk of epilepsy in adulthood. However, the specific link between blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the predisposition to epilepsy in adults wh...
The perivascular conduct pathway that connects the cerebrospinal fluid spaces with the interstitial fluid in the parenchyma are of importance for solute clearance from the brain. In this pathway, the relativel...
The choroid plexus (ChP) plays a pivotal role in inflammatory processes that occur in multiple sclerosis (MS). The enlargement of the ChP in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) is considered to be an...
This article highlights the scientific achievements and professional career of William M. Pardridge, who passed away on 18th of June 2024. He was born in 1947 in Bethesda, Maryland, USA. William, known affecti...
Posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) is a frequent and significant complication that impacts the prognosis of patients suffering from intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). However, the underlying mechanism is unce...
Maintaining brain fluid homeostasis is of critical importance for creating a stable environment conducive to optimal neuronal functioning, nutrient distribution, and waste product removal. In this study, we em...
Idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by treatable cognitive impairment, remains poorly understood in terms of its underlying pathological mechanisms. Co...
Assessment of ventricular size following endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) often relies on linear measurements and indexes such as the Evans index (EI) and frontal and occipital horn ratio (FOHR). Long-te...
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is produced and absorbed at a balanced rate to maintain a constant intracranial pressure (ICP). The CSF dynamics are, however, disturbed in several pathological conditions, leading to...
The original article was published in Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2024 21:108
Moyamoya Disease (MMD) represents a chronic and progressive cerebrovascular disorder characterized by the gradual occlusion of the terminal portions of the bilateral internal carotid arteries and their major b...
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative illness characterized by motor and non-motor features. Hallmarks of the disease include an extensive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compa...
After intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), the formation of primary hematoma foci leads to the development of secondary brain injury factors such as perihematomal edema (PHE) and accumulation of toxic metabolites, w...
Monovalent binding to the transferrin receptor (TfR) is considered the most efficient mode for high delivery of protein constructs across the blood–brain barrier via TfR-mediated transcytosis at therapeutic do...
Despite the availability of potent antifungal compounds, invasive fungal disease poses significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. Candida albicans is one of the leading pathogens in this s...
The choroid plexus (ChP) plays an important role in producing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and physical dysfunction has been associated with alterations in CSF circulation. However, no population-based studies ha...
Emerging evidence suggests that chronic stress compromises blood‒brain barrier (BBB) integrity by disrupting brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs), contributing to the development of cognitive impairme...
Recent discoveries focused on the role of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in metabolite clearance have initiated intense research on CSF circulation and outflow pathways. These studies have focused on the cranial su...
Nanocarriers targeting the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are promising drug delivery systems to enhance the penetration of therapeutic molecules into the brain. Immunotherapy, particularly monoclonal antibodies de...
Brain microvascular endothelial cells (BECs) lining the brain capillaries form the anatomical site of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), providing a highly selective barrier to support brain homeostasis and functi...
In a recent study of normal pressure hydrocephalus published by Ohmura et al., there was a progressive reduction in the cerebral blood volume within the cortex, as measured by near-infrared spectroscopy, follo...
The original article was published in Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2025 22:5
Shunt systems for hydrocephalus therapy are commonly based on passive mechanical pressure valves that are driven by the intracranial, intra-abdominal, and hydrostatic pressure. The differential pressure acting...
Hypoxemia can cause secondary acute brain injury, but the mechanisms behind it are not entirely clear and could involve disturbances in the brain extracellular fluids. We aimed to explore the effects of hypoxe...
This study aimed to investigate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a ventriculosagittal sinus (VSS) shunt in the treatment of hydrocephalus with elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) prot...
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) plays a crucial role in maintaining brain homeostasis by facilitating the clearance of metabolic waste and regulating intracranial pressure. Dysregulation of CSF flow can lead to cond...
The Hydrocephalus Association organized two workshops with the support of the Rudi Schulte Research Institute and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center entitled “Developing Non-Invasive Hydrocephalus T...
This study explores the application of machine learning to high-dimensional proteomics datasets for identifying Alzheimer’s disease (AD) biomarkers. AD, a neurodegenerative disorder affecting millions worldwid...
Aβ deposition in the brain does not necessarily lead to cognitive impairment, and that blood supply may have other unexplained regulatory effects on Aβ. Therefore, there appears to be a more complex relationsh...
Syringomyelia was a rare condition characterized by the formation of fluid-filled cysts (syrinx) within the spinal cord, resulting in sensory and motor dysfunction. Currently, there was no satisfactory treatme...
Congenital hydrocephalus (HCP) is a prevalent condition, that leads to fetal cerebral ventricle dilation and increased intracranial pressure. It is associated with significant neurological impairments, partly ...
Choroid plexuses regulate the exchanges between the blood and the CSF, and provide trophic factors necessary to brain development. They also express detoxifying enzymes that protect the developing brain from h...
Targeting the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a key step for effective brain delivery of nanocarriers. We have previously discovered that combinations of BBB nutrient transporter ligands alanine and glutathione (...
Heterozygous CWH43 loss-of-function (LOF) variants have been identified as iNPH risk factors, with 10–15% of iNPH patients carrying these variants in cohorts from the US. Mouse model harboring CWH43 LOF variants ...
Hydrocephalus, characterized by ventriculomegaly due to cerebrospinal fluid accumulation in the cerebral ventricles, is a co-morbidity factor in several neurodevelopmental, psychiatric and neurodegenerative di...
The choroid plexus (CP) has been recently implicated in the pathogenesis of the neuropsychiatric manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE). Lupus patients demonstrate increased serum and cerebrosp...
Streptococcus suis is a globally emerging zoonotic pathogen that can cause invasive disease commonly associated with meningitis in pigs and humans. To cause meningitis, S. suis must invade the central nervous sys...
Patients with the genetic disorder Niemann-Pick type C2 disease (NP-C2) suffer from lysosomal accumulation of cholesterol causing both systemic and severe neurological symptoms. In a murine NP-C2 model, otherw...
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetic disorder causing motile ciliary dysfunction primarily affecting the respiratory and reproductive systems. However, the impact of PCD on the central nervous system ...
Therapeutic antibodies for the treatment of neurological disease show great potential, but their applications are rather limited due to limited brain exposure. The most well-studied approach to enhance brain i...
Acute and critical neurological diseases are often accompanied with elevated intracranial pressure (ICP), leading to insufficient cerebral perfusion, which may cause severe secondary lesion. Existing ICP monit...
The approval of new disease-modifying therapies by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicine Agency makes it necessary to optimize non-invasive and cost-effective tools for the identifica...
Oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis could be an important factor leading to post-hemorrhagic consequences after germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH). Previously study have indicated that relaxin 2 receptor act...
Iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS) deficiency (MPS II; Hunter syndrome) is a disorder that exhibits peripheral and CNS pathology. The blood brain barrier (BBB) prevents systemic enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) from ...
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) causes spinal cord swelling and occlusion of the subarachnoid space (SAS). SAS occlusion can change pulsatile cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics, which could have acute clini...
Cerebral autoregulation is a robust regulatory mechanism that stabilizes cerebral blood flow in response to reduced blood pressure, thereby preventing cerebral ischaemia. Scientists have long believed that cer...
The Comment to this article has been published in Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2025 22:29
Blood–brain barrier dysfunction is one characteristic of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and is recognized as both a cause and consequence of the pathological cascade leading to cognitive decline. The goal of this st...
Brain metastases (BMs) are the most common intracranial tumors in adults and occur 3–10 times more frequently than primary brain tumors. Despite intensive multimodal therapies, including resection, radiotherap...
The original article was published in Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2024 21:27
Fluids and Barriers of the CNS